Monday, July 8, 2019

malaria symptoms






Malaria is a life-threatening disease. It’s typically transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. Infected mosquitoes carry the Plasmodium parasite. When this mosquito bites you, the parasite is released into your bloodstream.
Once the parasites are inside your body, they travel to the liver, where they mature. After several days, the mature parasites enter the bloodstream and begin to infect red blood cells.
Within 48 to 72 hours, the parasites inside the red blood cells multiply, causing the infected cells to burst open.
The parasites continue to infect red blood cells, resulting in symptoms that occur in cycles that last two to three days at a time.
Malaria is typically found in tropical and subtropical climates where the parasites can live. The World Health Organization (WHO)Trusted Source states that, in 2016, there were an estimated 216 million cases of malaria in 91 countries.
In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report 1,700 casesTrusted Sourceof malaria annually. Most cases of malaria develop in people who travel to countries where malaria is more common.
Malaria can occur if a mosquito infected with the Plasmodium parasite bites you. There are four kinds of malaria parasites that can infect humans: Plasmodium vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. falciparum.
P. falciparum causes a more severe form of the disease and those who contract this form of malaria have a higher risk of death. An infected mother can also pass the disease to her baby at birth. This is known as congenital malaria.
Malaria is transmitted by blood, so it can also be transmitted through:
  • an organ transplant
  • a transfusion
  • use of shared needles or syringes

The symptoms of malaria typically develop within 10 days to 4 weeks following the infection. In some cases, symptoms may not develop for several months. Some malarial parasites can enter the body but will be dormant for long periods of time.
Common symptoms of malaria include:

Your doctor will be able to diagnose malaria. During your appointment, your doctor will review your health history, including any recent travel to tropical climates. A physical exam will also be performed.
Your doctor will be able to determine if you have an enlarged spleen or liver. If you have symptoms of malaria, your doctor may order additional blood tests to confirm your diagnosis.
These tests will show:
  • whether you have malaria
  • what type of malaria you have
  • if your infection is caused by a parasite that’s resistant to certain types of drugs
  • if the disease has caused anemia
  • if the disease has affected your vital organs

Malaria can cause a number of life-threatening complications. The following may occur:
  • swelling of the blood vessels of the brain, or cerebral malaria
  • an accumulation of fluid in the lungs that causes breathing problems, or pulmonary edema
  • organ failure of the kidneys, liver, or spleen
  • anemia due to the destruction of red blood cells
  • low blood sugar

Malaria can be a life-threatening condition, especially if you’re infected with the parasite P. falciparum. Treatment for the disease is typically provided in a hospital. Your doctor will prescribe medications based on the type of parasite that you have.
In some instances, the medication prescribed may not clear the infection because of parasite resistance to drugs. If this occurs, your doctor may need to use more than one medication or change medications altogether to treat your condition.

People with malaria who receive treatment typically have a good long-term outlook. If complications arise as a result of malaria, the outlook may not be as good. Cerebral malaria, which causes swelling of the blood vessels of the brain, can result in brain damage.
The long-term outlook for patients with drug-resistant parasites may also be poor. In these patients, malaria may recur. This may cause other complications.
Additionally, certain types of malaria parasites, such as P. vivax and P. ovale, have liver stages where the parasite can live in your body for an extended period of time and reactivate at a later date causing a relapse of the infection.
If you’re found to have one of these types of malaria parasites, you’ll be given a second medication to prevent a relapse in the future.

There’s no vaccine available to prevent malaria. Talk to your doctor if you’re traveling to an area where malaria is common or if you live in such an area. You may be prescribed medications to prevent the disease.
These medications are the same as those used to treat the disease and should be taken before, during, and after your trip.
Talk to your doctor about long-term prevention if you live in an area where malaria is common. Sleeping under a mosquito net may help prevent being bitten by an infected mosquito. Covering your skin or using bug sprays containing DEET] may also help prevent infection.
If you’re unsure if malaria is prevalent in your area, the CDC has an up-to-date mapTrusted Source of where malaria can be found.

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Care For Your Child's Fever

If your child is burning up with a fever, you generally do not have to worry. Of course, if you're a parent, you almost certainly will. That's why it's important to remember that a fever is the body's natural response to viruses and bacterial infections. A child's fever means that their body is working hard to fight off the illness.
As a parent, there are multiple ways to keep your child comfortable while their body fights a bug. There are also warning signs that it's time to react if the fever is a sign of something more serious. Follow these tips to soothe your child and know when to seek treatment.
  1. Give your child OTC medication. Proper doses of Acetaminophen are often very effective in treating fevers in children and adults. If your child is older than six months, they can also take Ibuprofin, which is even more effective. Just be sure never to give your child Advil, as this has been linked to Reye's syndrome. And, of course, always follow the dosage instructions. Doubling the dosage won't help the body fight the fever twice as fast; it will put your son or daughter at risk of organ damage.
  2. Draw a lukewarm bath. A warm bath can soothe your child's achy muscles and open up their airways if they have a cold. A handful of epsom salts is another great way to ease body aches. Just make sure that the temperature is not too hot or too cold, as this could make their body temperature spike too high.
  3. Encourage sleep and fluids. Especially when their fever is the result of a cold, flu, or other virus, plenty of rest and fluid intake is the best possible regimen. Sleeping and nourishing the body will raise your child's immune response.
  4. Know when to visit a walk in clinic. If your child has a fever of 104 degrees Fahrenheit or higher, it is time to visit one of your local clinics or call your pediatrician. This is also true if your child is younger than three-months-old and has a fever higher then 100.4 degrees. It is also important to visit an urgent care center if the fever has lasted for longer then 72 hours for children over two-years-old and 24 hours for children younger than that. If their fever is accompanied by a stiff neck, seizures, ear pain, a rash, lethargy, or other more severe symptoms, be sure to take them to urgent care or the emergency room.
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How to Eat an Apple



Apples are sweetened, crunchy, and packed with fiber and vitamins, making them one of the most popular fruit snacks in the world. There are literally hundreds of varieties of edible apples and many different ways to eat them. Learn how to choose the best apples, store them, and pick up some fun ideas for eating them raw to cooked by reading this how-to.
Learn about the different varieties of apples. An apple is just an apple, right? Not when you've got a Fuji, a Golden Delicious, a Baldwin, and a Rome to choose between. There are literally hundreds of varieties of eating apples, cultivated for different properties of flavor and texture. While some are more available than others, depending on where you live, learning some basics will help you get the right kind of apple for your tastes.
  • If you like sweet apples, Fuji, Jazz, Golden Delicious, and McIntosh are all creamy and sweet choices.
  • If you like crunchy apples, Pink Lady, Honey Crisp, and Gala will give you the tooth you're looking for.
  • If you want to bake with your apples, or like tart apples, Granny Smiths, Braeburns, and Jona golds are all solid choices.

Look for ripe apples. At the store, check to make sure that apples are firm to the touch and fragrant. A ripe apple should feel firm and should smell like an apple at the stem and at the blossom end. Some apples, like the Macintosh or the Jonathan, will feel slightly softer to the touch, because the flesh is somewhat mealier. That's perfectly fine. If they smell ripe, they are good to eat.
  • Look for bruising, discolouration, and signs of worm infestation in your apples. Apples with brown soft spots or dark holes that look burrowed into the flesh should be avoided. Little superficial dark dots on the skin of the apple are fine to eat, however.
  • In general, you're looking for signs of over-ripeness, not under-ripeness. All apples you get at the store should be ripe enough to eat right away. You're just trying to make sure you don't get any over-aged apples

Store your apples properly. Apples are harvested at their peak of ripeness, so they're perfectly fine to eat right away. You can keep them on the counter for a day or two.
  • If you don't want to eat your apples right away, keep them in the refrigerator in a paper bag. Good either way.
  • Saying that one bad apple spoils the bunch is more than just a tidy phrase. Apples produce ethylene as they ripen, which promotes ripening in other fruits around them.[1] Never store apples in closed plastic bags, or they'll ripen and spoil very quickly. Go with paper.
  • If you want to store a sliced apple or a halved apple, do so in the refrigerator. These will dry out and brown very quickly, but a little spritz of lemon juice on the flesh of the apple will help to keep it fresh for longer

Rinse the skin of the apple. Wash your apple under running water, and scrub the outside of the skin with a clean towel to clean it from excess pollen and dust from the store. Then dig in or start slicing it up.
  • Some commercially available apples are covered in a thin layer of food-grade wax, if the tree it comes from has been sprayed. While people have varying opinions about food safety issues associated with eating this, it's commonly consumed and technically approved for consumption.
  • If you have concerned about pesticides in the wax around your apple skin, remove the skin of the apple. Use a paring knife to remove the apple skin carefully, leaving as much of the white flesh as possible.
  • The skin of the apple is the highest in fiber and a compound called ursolic acid, which has been linked to weight loss, respiratory health, and blood sugar regulation.

Eat the apple whole. By far the most common way of eating apples is by biting right in and eating the skin and the flesh of the apple raw, rotating the apple around as you bite off what you want. If there is a stem in the apple, twist it off and discard it. It's common to eat right down to the hard, plastic-like core of the apple, with its small clutch of seeds, and then discard it.
  • Contrary to popular belief, the "core" of apples are perfectly edible. According to some estimates, eating around and saving the core wastes around 30% of the edible flesh of each apple. Try eating the whole thing, starting at the bottom blossom end of the fruit.
  • Apple seeds do contain a minuscule amount of cyanide, but at levels which are so small there's no threat of affecting your health. It's perfectly fine to eat them.

Consider cutting the apple into slices. If you want to cut your apple into slices for snacking or dipping, use a small paring knife to remove the core and cut each half into bite-sized slices the size of your choice.
  • Cut the apple in half, from the stem to the tail to split the core into two halves. Then, you can cut each half of the apple into slices.
  • It's usually a good idea to remove the seeded core of the apple with a small paring knife.
  • Alternatively, cut the apple across the "belly," between the stem and the tail, cutting through the core instead of down it

Eat apples slices with toppings or dips. Raw apple slices make excellent vehicles for dipping and topping, perfect for an afternoon snack, a quick breakfast, or a fun treat for a child.
  • Dip in honey, caramel, or peanut butter for a fun and quick snack. Even the pickiest eaters often love apples dipped in peanut butter. Making caramel apples can be a fun cooking project with kids (or adults).
  • Eat slices of sharp cheddar or swiss with apple slices for a salty and sweet combination, or combine apples with sunflower seeds, peanuts, almonds, or a combination of other seeds and nuts for added protein.

Consider cooling down the apple in the fridge for a few hours. It will make it very pleasant and refreshing snack. They can also be served with ice cream with caramel poured on top!


Cook apples down into applesauce. If you bought too many apples and are worried they'll go bad before you can eat them raw, making your own applesauce is one of the best ways to get a longer life out of them. It couldn't be easier to make applesauce to your taste. You can keep the skin on the apples for added fiber content, if you like, or remove it if you'd prefer a smoother applesauce.
  • Start by washing and cutting up your raw apples into bite-sized pieces. In a medium pot over medium-low heat, add the apples and a small amount of water to keep the apples from scorching. Let applesauce cook down, stirring regularly, until it reaches the desired consistency. Stir the apples regularly, adding brown sugar and cinnamon to them to suit your taste.
  • You can eat fresh applesauce warm or let it cool to room temperature, then refrigerate it for a cold version. Store applesauce in the refrigerator if you want to save it.
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health and nutrition: apple nutritional value

health and nutrition: apple nutritional value: Apple nutrition facts the nutrition facts for one raw, unpeeled, medium-sized apple (100 grams) Calories:  52 Water:  86% Protein...
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apple nutritional value


Apple nutrition facts
the nutrition facts for one raw, unpeeled, medium-sized apple (100 grams)
  • Calories: 52
  • Water: 86%
  • Protein: 0.3 grams
  • Carbs: 13.8 grams
  • Sugar: 10.4 grams
  • Fiber: 2.4 grams
  • Fat: 0.2 grams

Fiber

Apples are very rich in fiber. A single medium-sized apple (100 grams) contains about 4 grams of this nutrient, which is 17% of the Daily Value .
A portion of their fiber comes from insoluble and soluble fibers called pectin. Soluble fiber is associated with numerous health benefits, partly because it feeds the friendly bacteria in your gut .
Fiber may also help improve fullness and cause weight loss while lowering blood sugar levels and boosting digestive function .

Apples boast many vitamins and minerals, though not in high amounts. However, apples are usually a good source of vitamin C.
  • Vitamin C. Also called ascorbic acid, this vitamin is a common antioxidant in fruits. It’s an essential dietary nutrient that has many important functions in your body .
  • Potassium. The main mineral in apples, potassium may benefit heart health when consumed in high amounts.

Two properties of apples — their high fiber and low calorie contents — make them a weight-loss-friendly food.
Thus, eating apples may reduce your daily calorie intake and promote long-term weight loss .
In one 12-week study, women who were instructed to eat 1.5 large apples (300 grams) per day lost 2.9 pounds (1.3 kg) over the course of the study (23).
For this reason, this fruit may be a useful addition to a weight loss diet, especially if eaten between or before meals.

Blood sugar control and type 2 diabetes

Some evidence suggests that eating apples can help lower blood sugar levels and protect against diabetes .
Some of the antioxidants in apples may also slow down your digestion and absorption of sugars .
In one study in 38,018 women, eating 1 or more apples per day was linked to a 28% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes .

Blood cholesterol and heart disease

Several studies have examined apples’ effects on risk factors for heart disease.
A hamster study suggested that apples can reduce total cholesterol levels and lead to drastic reductions of 48% in plaque buildup inside the arteries .
A human study in Finland showed that those who consumed more than 1.9 ounces (54 grams) of apples per day were at a significantly lower risk of developing heart disease.
Specifically, the risk of dying from heart disease was 43% lower in women and 19% in men 

Cancer

Many test-tube and animal studies suggest that apple phytonutrients can protect against cancers of the lungs and colon .
Potential evidence exists from studies in people as well.
One study indicated that those who consumed 1 or more apples per day were at a lower risk of cancer, including a 20% and 18% lower risk of colorectal and breast cancers, respectively

Apples are healthy, tasty, and among the most popular fruits in the world.
Although they are not particularly rich in vitamins and minerals, they’re a good source of fibers and antioxidants.
Apples may have several benefits, including improved heart health and a lower risk of cancer and diabetes. They may also aid weight loss.
If you want to eat healthy, apples are an excellent choice. 


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